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Curriculum and Syllabus for Classes XI & XII
Geography
Class XI
| One Paper |
3 Hours |
70 Marks |
THEORY PAPERUnits Group A : Physical Geography
| 1. |
Introduction |
3 Marks |
34 Periods |
| (i) |
Geography as a discipline -Its meaning, importance, scope and method of
study. |
| (ii) |
Field of Physical Geography - Origin of the earth, its evolution,
distribution and
evolution of continent and oceans, physical phenomena as a global system, |
| 2. |
Lithosphere |
10 Marks |
34 Periods |
| (i) |
Structure of the earth and interior of the earth. |
| (ii) |
Materials of the earth's crust, rock, their major types, minerals. |
| (iii) |
Landforms -their types and significance. |
| (iv) |
Endogenous processes - Vertical and horizontal earth movements-Earthquakes
and volcanoes. |
| (v) |
Exogenous processes-The process of gradation, aggradation and degradation,
weathering
and erosion, fluvial processes, erosional and depositional features associated
with rivers,
normal cycle of erosion. |
| (vi) |
Exogenous processes - The work of wind, waves and glaciers, erosional and
depositional
features of respective landscapes. |
| (vii) |
Underground water, water table, wells, artesian wells, springs, and geyser
landscape development
in limestone region. |
| (vii) |
Soils -Their significance, soil profile, its characteristics and
formation, classification
of soils and their world distribution. |
| 3. |
Atmosphere |
10 Marks |
34 Periods |
| (i) |
Introduction of atmosphere, structure and composition of the atmosphere
increasing
- human capability in the observation of atmosphere processes. |
| (ii) |
Insolation and temperature - Factors controlling distribution of insolasion,
beating and
cooling of atmosphere, convection, terrestrial radiation, advection, heat budget
of the
earth, factors controlling temperature; distribution of temperature, horizontal
and vertical distribution, inversion of temperature. |
| (iii) |
Atmospheric pressure- Its horizontal and vertical distribution, pressure
belts, winds
planetary, periodic and local winds, air masses, high altitude winds-jet
streams.
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| (vi) |
Moisture-humidity evaporation, condensation, forms of condensation - dew,
frost,fog, mist and clouds, precipitation-forms and types, world distribution of
rainfall. |
| (v) |
Keoppin's classification of world climate, climate and man. |
| 4. |
Hydrosphere |
4 Marks |
15 Periods |
| (i) |
The profile of ocean basins, submarine relief. |
| (ii) |
Horizontal and vertical distribution of temperature in the ocean
waterwaves, currents, tides. |
| (iii) |
Flora and fauna of the ocean-basins, ocean deposits. |
| (iv) |
Man and the ocean - marine resources and their values to man. |
| 5. |
Biosphere |
3 Marks |
8 Periods |
| (i) |
Nature of the biosphere - The concept of ecosystem, energy flow, pyramid of
numbers, ecological Balance. |
| (ii) |
Impect of man on the ecosystem - resource deterioration, depletion and
environmental pollution. |
Group B : Principles of Geography
(Economic and Human)
| 6. |
Natural Resources |
10 Marks |
37 Periods |
| (i) |
Natural resources and their classification based on expandability ,
state of occurrence and utility. |
| (ii) |
Renewable Resources - Forest and fisheries, |
| |
(a) |
Forest Resources - Location, gathering , hunting and lumbering activities of
man. |
| |
(b) |
Fisheries - Location , types, world distribution and problems in utilisation. |
| (iii) |
Renewable Resources - Grasslands and pastoral resources, grassland and
their location
types and world distribution, nomadic, subsistence and commercial types of
cattle
and sheep raising in the world :Core studies of Masai cattle herders of East
Africa
and cattle rearing in New Zealand. |
| (iv) |
Exhaustable Resources - Minerals : distribution and production and of iron
ore, copper and bauxite. |
| (v) |
Power Resources - Exhaustable and renewable and renewable power resources,
Distribution and production of coal , petroleum, uranium, thorium and water
power, non conventional sources of energy. |
| (vi) |
Conservation of Natural Resource - Need to conserve, way and means to
conserve. |
| 7. |
Utilisation of Natural
Resources |
10 Marks |
37 Periods |
| (i) |
Utilisation of natural resources with reference to basic human needs :
Primary,secondary and tertiary sectors of economy and major human occupation. |
| (ii) |
Agriculture-types viz. shifting and sedentary, intensive and extensive,subsistence and commercial, mixed and dairy farming, track farming and
horticulture, individual, co-operative and collective farming. |
| (iii) |
Agriculture products- rice, wheat, oilseeds, tea, coffee,sugarcane and sugarbeet, cotton and rubber ( distributional pattern, production
and trade ). |
| (iv) |
Industries- major industrial regions of the world, with special reference
to North
America , Europe , Asia , former U.S.S R., Africa and Japan. |
| (v) |
Current trends in the location of industries, some major industries of the
world
iron and steel, chemical industry with special reference to petro- chemicals,
and
the textiles, protecting air and water pollution. |
| 8. |
Transport and
Communication |
5 Marks
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14 Periods
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| (i) |
Land transport-Highways, transcontinental railways. |
| (ii) |
Water transport - Inland waterways and major ocean routes, Suez and Panama
Canal routes. |
| (iii) |
Air transport - the shrinking world, intercontinental air routes. |
| (iv) |
Oil pipelines. |
| (v) |
Communication- Satellite communication. |
| (vi) |
International trade-Its basis and current trends with
reference to exports and imports, ports as gateways of international trade. |
| 9. |
Population and
Settlement
Population |
10 Marks |
15 Periods |
| (a) |
Distribution and density. |
| (b) |
Growth-Regional variations in growth rates, trends. |
| (c) |
Demographic structure - age, sex, composition, urban-rural literacy and
occupation. |
| (d) |
Impact of population growth on economic development. |
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Settlements |
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Urban settlement forms, functional type, structure of cities, rural settlements
types with example,patterns and functions, urban-rural relationship. |
| 10. |
Map Work on World |
5 Marks |
12 Periods |
PRACTICAL PAPER
| One Paper |
3 Hours |
30 Marks |
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Practical work |
15 Marks |
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Practical Record Book |
5 Marks |
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Surveying |
5 Marks |
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Viva- Voce |
5 Marks |
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Total |
30 Marks |
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1. Scale
Methods or representation, plain scale, comparative scale time scale and
diagonal scale,
reduction and enlargement of maps ( square method).
2. Contours
Methods of showing relief on maps by contours, interpolation of contours;
identification
of simple relief features from the contours on a map ; drawing crosssection and
profile.
3. Map Projection
Map projection, their uses , choice and limitations , graphical construction of
simple cylindrical
and cylindrical equal area projection, conical projection with one standard
parallel and polar
zenithal gnomonic stereographic and equidistant projections.
| 4. |
(a) |
Observing and recording of various weather elements with the help of the
following
instruments : |
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(i) Six's Maximum and minimum Thermometer.
(ii) Aneroid and Fortin Barometer.
(iii) Wet and dry bulb thermometer.
(iv) Wind vane
(v) Rain gauge. |
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(b) |
Map reading : |
| Identification or recognition of symbols or conventional signs
used
on at lases and topographic sheets of the survey of India and other maps and
sings
and symbols on weather maps. Study of survey of India topographical maps and
Indian daily weather map issued by the Indian Meteorological Department. |
5. Surveying
Elementary principles, preparing plans of school compound or small area with the
help
Chain and tape , over- coming obstructions, slopes and impenetrable areas.
Books Recomended
1. Principles of Geography by M.K.Qureshi - NCERT
2. principles of Geography Part I - NCERT
3. Principles of Geography Part II - NCERT
4. Field Work and Laboratory - NCERT.
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